Introduction
Early detection saves lives—especially when it comes to prostate cancer. While prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men, it’s also among the most treatable when caught early. That’s where PSA screening comes in.
PSA testing is often the first step in identifying potential signs of prostate cancer, even before symptoms appear. But what exactly is PSA? How is it measured? And when should men be tested?
In this comprehensive guide, Dr. David Samadi, world-renowned prostate surgeon and founder of Prostate Cancer 911, explains the role of PSA, how screening works, and why it could make all the difference in a man’s life.
What Is PSA?
PSA stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen, a protein produced primarily by cells in the prostate gland. While most PSA is found in semen (where it helps liquefy it), small amounts naturally circulate in the bloodstream.
Elevated levels of PSA in the blood can be a warning sign of prostate cancer—but PSA levels can also rise due to benign conditions such as:
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) – an enlarged prostate
- Prostatitis – inflammation or infection of the prostate
- Urinary tract infection
- Recent ejaculation or prostate manipulation (such as a DRE or catheterization)
Understanding PSA is key to interpreting your results and deciding on the next steps.
What Is a PSA Test for Prostate Cancer?
The PSA test is a simple blood test that measures the concentration of PSA in the bloodstream. It’s usually done in conjunction with a digital rectal exam (DRE) as part of a standard prostate cancer screening process.
Because prostate cancer often grows slowly and shows no symptoms in its early stages, PSA screening can be the first indicator that something may be wrong.
What Are Normal PSA Levels?
There is no single “normal” PSA level that applies to all men. PSA levels vary based on age, prostate size, ethnicity, and overall health. That said, general guidelines include:
| PSA Level (ng/mL) | Interpretation |
| 0–2.5 | Low risk |
| 2.6–4.0 | Slightly elevated (gray area) |
| 4.1–10.0 | Moderately elevated (requires further testing) |
| >10.0 | High risk – strong indicator of prostate cancer |
However, even men with PSA below 4.0 can have prostate cancer, and many with elevated PSA do not. That’s why trends over time and free vs. total PSA ratios are often more telling than a single value.
Factors That Can Affect PSA Levels
Several non-cancerous factors can impact PSA levels, including:
- Age – PSA naturally increases as men get older
- Prostate volume – Larger prostates produce more PSA
- Infection or inflammation – Can spike PSA levels
- Ejaculation – May temporarily raise PSA
- Medical procedures – Recent biopsy, catheterization, or rectal exam
- Certain medications – 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride)
Dr. Samadi uses these variables to interpret PSA test results with precision, helping patients avoid unnecessary anxiety or overtreatment.
Why PSA Screening Matters
1. Early Detection Saves Lives
Prostate cancer often grows silently for years. By the time symptoms like urinary issues or pelvic pain appear, the cancer may have already spread. PSA testing helps catch the disease early—when it’s most curable.
“Early detection through PSA screening gives men the best chance at a full recovery with fewer side effects.” — Dr. David Samadi
2. Track Changes Over Time
PSA levels should be tracked year over year, especially after age 40. A rapid rise in PSA (even if still within normal range) may be more concerning than a high but stable level.
3. Risk Stratification
PSA testing, when combined with family history, digital rectal exam, and imaging or biopsy, helps determine the aggressiveness of the cancer and guide decisions between active surveillance or definitive treatment.
When Should You Start PSA Screening?
Dr. Samadi’s Recommendations:
| Patient Type | Recommended Screening Start Age |
| Average-risk men | Age 50 |
| African-American men | Age 40–45 |
| Men with family history (father/brother) | Age 40 |
| Men with BRCA1/2 genetic mutations | Age 40 |
Annual testing is typically recommended after the baseline is established.
What Happens If PSA Is Elevated?
An elevated PSA doesn’t always mean cancer—but it does warrant further evaluation. Depending on your health history and PSA pattern, next steps may include:
- Repeat PSA test after a few weeks or months
- Free vs. total PSA ratio analysis
- Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
- Multiparametric MRI of the prostate
- Prostate biopsy guided by imaging
Dr. Samadi uses a comprehensive approach, minimizing unnecessary biopsies and focusing on precise diagnosis.
The Limitations of PSA Screening
While the PSA test for prostate cancer is a powerful tool, it’s not perfect. Limitations include:
- False positives: Elevated PSA due to BPH or infection
- False negatives: Some cancers do not produce much PSA
- Overdiagnosis: Identifying slow-growing cancers that may never cause harm
- Overtreatment: Unnecessary intervention in low-risk cases
That’s why PSA testing must be interpreted by an experienced prostate specialist—not used in isolation.
Dr. David Samadi’s PSA Screening Philosophy
Dr. Samadi has long been a leader in educating men about prostate health and promoting intelligent screening.
He believes in:
✅ Baseline testing by age 40
✅ Risk-based follow-up
✅ Avoiding one-size-fits-all decisions
✅ Patient involvement in decision-making
Most importantly, he helps men avoid unnecessary fear or confusion around their PSA results. Every patient is given the time, clarity, and attention they deserve.
What If Cancer Is Found?
If elevated PSA and follow-up tests reveal prostate cancer, Dr. Samadi offers world-class treatment options—including his signature SMART Robotic Prostatectomy. This advanced, minimally invasive approach offers:
- Higher cancer cure rates
- Preservation of sexual and urinary function
- Fast recovery with minimal downtime
Real Stories, Real Results
“I had no symptoms, but my PSA came back high. Thanks to Dr. Samadi’s fast action, my cancer was caught early—and I’m now cancer-free.”
— Robert H., 53, New Jersey
“My dad ignored his PSA for years. I didn’t make that mistake. Dr. Samadi helped me understand my numbers and take control of my health.”
— James W., 45, NYC
Your Prostate Health Checklist
✅ Schedule a PSA test at age 40 (or sooner with risk factors)
✅ Track changes in PSA levels annually
✅ Know your family history
✅ Don’t panic at a single high result—consult a specialist
✅ Discuss next steps with Dr. Samadi if PSA is elevated
Schedule Your PSA Screening with Dr. David Samadi
Whether you’re due for your first test or want a second opinion on your PSA levels, Prostate Cancer 911 offers expert care in a concierge-style setting.
📍 Prostate Cancer 911
485 Madison Ave, 21st Floor
New York, NY 10022
📞 Call Today: (212) 365-5000
🌐 www.prostatecancer911.com
Conclusion: Knowledge Is Power
The PSA test for prostate cancer is more than just a number—it’s a window into your health and future. Don’t let confusion or fear stop you from taking this simple but life-saving step. With proper screening and expert care from a trusted physician like Dr. David Samadi, you can catch prostate cancer early and live your life with confidence.
Early detection saves lives. Don’t wait. Schedule your PSA screening today.