Unraveling the Genetic Influence on Kidney Stones
By Dr. David Samadi
Experiencing a kidney stone is often described as an excruciating ordeal, accompanied by symptoms ranging from intense back and side pain to discomfort during urination, fever, chills, and even blood in the urine—typically co-occurring.
Annually, over half a million Americans visit the emergency room due to kidney stones. Statistically, the likelihood of developing kidney stones in one’s lifetime stands at approximately 1 in 11, with around 12% of Americans facing recurrent episodes.
The risk of kidney stones is slightly higher in men (11%) than in women (9%).
While various factors contribute to the formation of kidney stones, a familial history of the condition heightens personal susceptibility.
Understanding Kidney Stones
Kidney or renal stones are solid deposits resembling pebbles that can manifest in one or both kidneys. These formations consist of minerals and compounds present in urine and vary in size and shape. Passage of larger stones through the urinary tract can be notably painful.
Classification of kidney stones includes:
- Calcium-based stones, which account for about 75% of cases.
- Uric acid stones are a byproduct of a healthy renal system.
- Stones are composed of cystine, a fundamental protein building block.
- Stones are formed from struvite, a phosphate mineral.
Stones form when urine contains excessive concentrations of these substances that exceed the body’s capacity to dissolve them.
Causes of Kidney Stones
Insufficient hydration is a primary catalyst for kidney stone formation, leading to concentrated urine where minerals, proteins, and compounds precipitate into stones. Lifestyle factors contribute; diets high in animal proteins or sodium can promote stone formation. Obesity, diabetes, and certain medications, such as diuretics, further elevate risk.
The Role of Genetics
Genetic predisposition plays a significant role. Individuals with family members who have experienced kidney stones are inherently more susceptible. This susceptibility is partly attributed to genetic variations, including gene mutations like claudin-14. These mutations disrupt urinary calcium levels, contributing to stone formation. Moreover, mutations affecting genes involved in cellular signaling and material transport within cells can also heighten the risk.
Consultation with a Healthcare Provider
Kidney stone formation is unique to each individual. It is crucial to seek help by consulting with a healthcare provider. They can assess your risk and devise a plan to implement preventive measures to mitigate the likelihood of developing kidney stones. Early intervention and management can significantly impact outcomes and reduce the recurrence of this painful condition.
Dr. David Samadi is the Director of Men’s Health and Urologic Oncology at St. Francis Hospital in Long Island. He’s a renowned and highly successful board certified Urologic Oncologist Expert and Robotic Surgeon in New York City, regarded as one of the leading prostate surgeons in the U.S., with a vast expertise in prostate cancer treatment and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy. Dr. Samadi is a medical contributor to NewsMax TV and is also the author of The Ultimate MANual, Dr. Samadi’s Guide to Men’s Health and Wellness, available online both on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Visit Dr. Samadi’s websites at robotic oncology and prostate cancer 911.